Glossary
Definitions of key terms such as vServer/VM, CPU, storage, RAM, backup, firewall and IP, to aid understanding of the centron cloud and infrastructure documentation.
vServer / VM
A vServer, also known as a Virtual Private Server, is a virtual instance of a physical server. It is created using virtualisation technologies that make it possible to run multiple virtual servers on a single physical server. Each vServer behaves like a standalone server with dedicated resources such as a processor, RAM, storage space and operating system.
Users can utilise vServers for various purposes, such as Webhosting, databases, application hosting or development environments. As vServers share resources, they are more cost-effective than dedicated servers, whilst still offering a degree of isolation and control over the allocated resources compared to shared hosting environments.
CPU
A CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the main processor of a computer, responsible for executing instructions and processing data. It is the ‘brain’ of the computer and carries out all the basic arithmetic, logical and control operations required to run programmes and process instructions. The CPU interprets instructions from memory, performs calculations and coordinates the flow of data between different components of the computer. The speed and performance of a CPU have a significant impact on the computer’s overall performance.
Storage
Storage refers to the ability to store and retrieve data over the long term. This storage can take various forms, such as hard disc drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), network-attached storage (NAS) or storage arrays. Server storage is used to store data, files, programmes and other information that can be accessed by users or other servers. It enables large amounts of data to be securely stored and accessed in order to meet the requirements of applications, users or processes. The efficiency, capacity and reliability of the storage system are key considerations when configuring and managing a server.
RAM
RAM (Random Access Memory) is a key component of a computer that acts as temporary working memory. It enables the computer to store data temporarily and access it quickly whilst it is running. Unlike permanent storage on a hard disk or SSD, RAM can read and write data very quickly, enabling programmes and processes to run swiftly. RAM is volatile, which means that the data stored in it is lost when the computer is switched off or restarted.
Backup
A backup is a copy of files, data or information stored on a computer or other electronic device. Its purpose is to enable the recovery of lost data in the event of data loss due to errors, damage or theft. By creating backups regularly, important information can be safeguarded and protected against unforeseen events.
Firewall
A firewall is a security device designed to protect a network or a computer from unauthorised access from the internet or other networks. It acts as a kind of digital barrier that monitors and controls data traffic by filtering and blocking incoming and outgoing connections according to predefined rules. This helps to ward off malicious attacks such as viruses, malware, hacking attempts or unauthorised access to sensitive data. Firewalls can operate at various levels, such as on network devices, operating systems or as software applications, and are an essential component of network security.
IP
An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique numerical identifier assigned to every device on a computer network so that it can be identified and communicate. It is an address consisting of a series of numbers divided into four sections, separated by full stops. For example, an IPv4 address has the format ‘XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX’, where each ‘XXX’ can be a number between 0 and 255. This address enables devices to Exchange data over the internet or a local network by being used as the sender and recipient addresses in the data packets.